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Anxiety disorder

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An alarm system that goes off too often and too early — it can be readjusted, with very good prospects.

Also known as: anxiety disorder · generalized anxiety · panic

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This compilation is for information and replaces neither medical diagnosis nor treatment. If you have symptoms, see a doctor.

Anxiety is a useful system to begin with: it sharpens attention and prepares the body to act. It becomes a disorder when it comes without a fitting reason, stays too long or narrows life — when routes, situations or people are avoided because the fear would otherwise grow too great. It often shows physically first: palpitations, tightness in chest or throat, dizziness, trembling, stomach pressure, tingling, the feeling of not being able to breathe fully. That is exactly why the path often runs through emergency departments and heart investigations before the name is spoken. An important part of placing it is physical: an overactive thyroid, a drop in blood sugar, a lot of caffeine and some medicines feel almost identical, and so does alcohol withdrawal. That should be ruled out before everything is put down to the mind. And then the core: anxiety disorders are among the most treatable complaints there are. Psychotherapy works well and lastingly, medication can carry someone for a time. What does not help is avoidance — it shrinks the fear briefly and the living space permanently. Anyone who notices they are avoiding has already found the most important starting point.

Levers & pathways

studiedRegular exercise

For mild-to-moderate low mood, as supportive as some standard treatments.

studiedDaylight & sleep rhythm

Morning light and regular sleep stabilise mood.

studiedProfessional help for persistent low mood

Psychotherapy and, if needed, medication work – not a sign of weakness.

associatedRule out physical causes

Thyroid, blood sugar, caffeine and medication — before everything is put down to the mind.

associatedBreathe out slowly

Breathing out longer than in slows the anxiety loop — possible anywhere, immediately.

associatedMake avoidance visible

Note for a week what you no longer do. That list is the real treatment plan.

associatedPsychotherapy is not a last resort

It is the most effective treatment and works best when started early.

associatedNo alcohol to calm down

It damps in the evening and amplifies the fear the next day.

traditionalNo caffeine in the afternoon

The last cup at least eight hours before bed; cola, energy drinks, black and green tea count too.

studiedNumbers and timeframes

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition: about one person in seven has one in their lifetime, women roughly twice as often. Many years pass on average before the first treatment — usually because the symptoms are investigated physically first.

studiedWhat the medicine does — and what it does not

SSRIs work after two to six weeks and can briefly increase restlessness in the first week — knowing that prevents stopping on the third day. Benzodiazepines work within minutes and lose effect after weeks as the body adapts. Exposure therapy works more slowly and stays afterwards.

Possible complaints

associatedPalpitations and tightness in the chest

Often the first sign — and the reason for many heart investigations.

associatedNot being able to breathe fully

The feeling comes from fast, shallow breathing and reinforces itself.

associatedConstant rumination and tension

Worry jumps from topic to topic and is hard to switch off.

associatedSleep does not come or breaks off

A loop: little sleep strengthens the fear, the fear prevents sleep.

associatedRoutes and situations get avoided

The most important sign — and at the same time the most effective starting point.

Blood values

associatedCortisol

May be altered with chronic tension.

Nutrients

associatedMagnesium

Low levels linked to anxiety.

associatedOmega-3

Inflammation/mood link, moderate evidence.

Supplements

associatedMagnesium

Well-tolerated, evenings.

traditionalAshwagandha

Adaptogen — short trials positive, long-term open.

traditionalL-theanine

From tea — calming, limited evidence.

infoOmega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Effects on inflammation and triglycerides established; cardiovascular prevention is mixed. Watch quality and freshness.

Hormones

studiedCortisol

Central stress hormone of the HPA axis.

Messengers

associatedGABA

Main inhibitory transmitter; benzodiazepine target.

associatedSerotonin

SSRIs also work for anxiety.

associatedNoradrenaline

Overactivation of the alarm system.

Food

studiedCaffeine and anxiety

Caffeine produces the same bodily signs as anxiety: palpitations, restlessness, trembling. In studies with 400–500 mg — four to five cups — attacks were more frequent in people prone to panic.

studiedLow blood sugar feels like anxiety

Trembling, sweating and palpitations during long gaps between meals are physical. Regular meals with protein and slow carbohydrates take the ground from part of the anxiety.

Alternative approaches — what people use

studiedBreathing exercises

A lengthened out-breath measurably slows the sympathetic system — the simplest exercise, possible anywhere.

studiedMindfulness & meditation

One of the best-studied methods there is for anxiety and rumination.

studiedMovement & exercise

Endurance movement lowers baseline tension — the effect lasts for hours beyond the session.

traditionalValerian & lemon balm

Traditionally used for inner restlessness, especially in the evening.

Wild herbs — what is traditionally used

traditionalValerian

Traditionally for inner restlessness, dosed lower by day than at night.

traditionalSt John’s wort

The interactions with medicines matter more here than with almost any other plant.

Essential oils — use and limits

traditionalTrue lavender

Studied for inner restlessness, also as a capsule to swallow.

traditionalNeroli

Traditionally for nervousness and stage fright; expensive, hence often replaced by petitgrain.

TCM — how it is seen there

traditionalHT7 · Shenmen

Traditionally used for restlessness and palpitations.

traditionalYintang (extra point)

The calming point par excellence — also used for exam nerves.

Frequencies — what is on file

traditionalAnxiety states

Listed values: 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 432 · 6000 Hz

traditional◐ Binaural · Alpha 10 Hz – Relaxed alertness

Listed values: 10 · 100 · 200 Hz