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Reactive arthritis

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The joint inflames weeks AFTER an infection — and needs months, not days, to settle.

Also known as: joint inflammation after an infection · formerly Reiter’s syndrome

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This compilation is for information and replaces neither medical diagnosis nor treatment. If you have symptoms, see a doctor.

Reactive arthritis is a joint inflammation that appears one to four weeks after an infection somewhere quite different — usually in the gut or the urinary tract. The decisive thing is the gap in time: weeks lie between the infection and the joint, and the infection itself may have been so mild that nobody thinks of it any more. A bout of diarrhoea on a trip, a brief burning on passing water — that is enough.

In the joint itself there are no germs. The inflammation is an immune response that keeps running after the infection. Usually few and rather large joints of the lower half of the body are affected: a knee, an ankle, more rarely a hip or a shoulder. Often added are heel pain at a tendon insertion and sometimes a whole swollen toe. In some, red eyes with light sensitivity or burning on passing water without a detectable germ appear as well.

The course is the second important point: it usually settles over three to six months, not over days. Seeing no improvement after two weeks therefore does not automatically mean something else. In a smaller share it lasts longer or comes back, above all in carriers of the HLA-B27 trait.

What counts in the conversation: the timeline. When was the infection, how long did it last, when did the joint start? Those three pieces are worth more here than any laboratory value. And one distinction matters: a hot, markedly swollen joint with fever always belongs looked at quickly, because an infection with germs inside the joint is treated differently and urgently.

Levers & pathways

studiedWrite down the timeline

When was the infection, how long did it last, when did the joint start? Three dates worth more here than any laboratory value.

associatedAutoimmune disease — the family behind it

It belongs to the group with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis — hence the shared signs at heel, toe and eye.

associatedAnkylosing spondylitis

The same family; with a longer course the transition is considered.

associatedPsoriatic arthritis

Shares the heel pain and the sausage toe — the distinction runs via skin, nails and the history.

studiedMovement rather than rest

In the pain-free range. A joint kept still for weeks loses mobility and muscle.

studiedCheck interactions

After a gut infection painkillers, stomach protection and supplements often run side by side. The calculator shows where they meet.

Possible complaints

studiedJoint inflammation one to four weeks after an infection

The gap is the hallmark. Telling only the last few days leaves out the decisive part.

studiedTrigger usually gut or urinary tract

The infection may have been mild — diarrhoea on a trip, a brief burning. It is therefore often not mentioned.

studiedFew, rather large joints, often a knee or an ankle

Usually the lower half of the body and unequal on the two sides — unlike rheumatoid arthritis.

associatedSometimes red eyes or burning on passing water

A painful, light-sensitive red eye belongs looked at quickly.

associatedHeel pain or a whole swollen toe

The same two signs as in psoriatic arthritis — both belong to the same disease family.

studiedUsually settles over months, not days

Three to six months is usual. Knowing that saves the worry that it is something worse.

studiedA hot joint with fever is something else

A markedly swollen, hot joint with fever always belongs looked at quickly — germs can sit in the joint itself there, and that is treated differently.

Blood values

studiedCRP

Usually clearly raised in the acute phase and a usable measure of the course.

associatedESR (sedimentation rate)

Raised like CRP, but falls more slowly.

associatedHLA-B27

More common with a longer or recurring course. A trait, not a diagnosis.

studiedTesting for the germ in stool or urine

Useful when the infection is recent. Often it is no longer detectable by the time the joints hurt — that does not argue against it.

associatedFaecal calprotectin

If the gut was the starting point, this value helps with the question of whether inflammation is still running there.

Nutrients

associatedVitamin D

Measured alongside lasting joint trouble.

Supplements

associatedOmega-3

As an anti-inflammatory addition; the effect is moderate and needs months.

Food

associatedNothing special is needed

No diet here reliably shortens the course. Anyone still sensitive after a gut infection returns to normal food slowly.